Internal combustion engine



Jan. 13, 1942. M. MALLORY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 28, 1959 INVENTOR Mama/v M44; 01?) Y dwwdfi Mag i ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 13, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Marion Mallory, Detroit, Mich.

Application April 28, 1939, Serial No. 270,624

9 Claims. (Cl. 12353) My invention relates to an internal combustion engine having apocket or firing chamber located adjacent to the main cylinder or combus-.

tion chamber and means for injecting a liquid fuel into said pocket on or near the end of the compression stroke.

The principal object of my invention is to obtain a more complete atomization of the fuel as it enters the pocket and then force it, out of the pocket into the main combustion chamber after ignition has taken place in the pocket to create still better atomization.

Increase in the compression of an internal combustion engine increases fuel economy. Compression is limited by preignition and detonation of the fuel. Higher compressions without detonation have been achieved by keeping all the fuel out of the cylinder until the piston. has practically completed its compression stroke and then admitting the fuel by solid injection. Complete saturation of the compressed air within the combustion chamber at the time the piston is crossing top dead center-has long been a desideratum. Because there is such a short time provided for atomization of the fuel, this desideratum heretofore has not been satisfactorily achieved. For example, one way heretofore used to obtain better atomization is by means of a spherical firing pocket which communicates with the engine cylinder through a small or restricted passageway positioned approximately tangentially of the spherical firing pocket. At the end of the compression stroke, practically all the compressed air from the cylinder is forced through this small passageway into the firing pocket. The tangential passageway causes the air to whirl or be in high turbulence in the firing pocket and the injection takes place at this time which gives good atomization. However, this pocket reduces the efiiciency of the engine because the power is bottled. A great portion of the power is dissipated in the firing pocket because of the small or restricted communication between the pocket and the main cylinder. This communication or passageway must be small to create high turbulence in the firing pocket. One of the objects of my invention is to prevent this loss of power due to the bottling up of the pressure in the ignition pocket. This is achieved by making one side of the firing pocket in the form of a small piston connected to the engine crankshaft which transv fers the power in the firing pocket to the crank-. shaft while part of the burning fuel is forcedv back into the large cylinder to create power over the large piston.

Referring to the drawing:

l is an air valve. 3 is a sparkplug. 4 is the main power piston. 5 is the pocket piston. The pistons 4 and 5 are connected to the crankshaft 9 by the connecting rods l0 and II respectively. The'connecting rods l0 and II are mounted on the common crankshaft 9. The large piston leads the small piston.

6 is an intake valve, which has an exhaust valve located behind it. I is a bypass. 8 is a venturi.

The size of the Venturi opening 8 at its most restricted point is less than the cross sectional area of the passageway I. The nozzle 2 also projects into the Venturi which restricts the venturi opening still more.

. The operation of the engine is as follows:

The engine is a four-cycle engine and the rotation is as indicated by arrow on the crankshaft.

Throttle I admits air only and operates in syn-' 'chronism with a fuel pump for metering fuel to injector 2. As the engine is rotated, the pistons move downwardly, drawing in a charge of air by the throttle l Upon further rotation, the air is compressed, and it will be noticed that piston 4 leads piston 5 of the compression stroke and thatpractically all of the air is forced out of the large cylinder into the small cylinder through bypass l and Venturi 8. During the movement of air from the large cylinder to the small firing chamber, injection of the solid fuel takes place.

The high velocity of the air passing through the Venturi and around injection nozzle 2 atomizes the solid fuel. Self-ignition or electric ignition then takes place and the burning starts in the firing chamber. As piston 4 starts downwardly, the

'hot burning mixture is forced out of the firin pocket into the main combustion chamber, which causes expansion to take place over the large piston. It will be observed that the expansion taking place in the small firing chamber also exerts power on the small piston, thereby eliminating any bottling up of pressure, as is the case in' the ordinary firing pockets used in other types of engines.

It is understood that this engine can be used 2 is an injection nozzle.

tons to said crankshaft means, a small passageway connecting the two upper ends of the large and small cylinders, said passageway beingopen at all times whereby thecylinders are continuously in communication, said connecting rods being arranged on the crankshaft means in such a manner so as to cause the large piston in lead the small piston whereby on the compression stroke practically all of the space above the large piston will be consumed when the large piston is in its upper dead center position so as to force practically all of the air out of the large cylinder through the passageway into the small cylinder with a high velocity, and an injection nozzle positioned in said passageway for injecting fuel into said passageway as the air is forced at high velocity from the large cylinder into the small cylinder whereby the fuel is atomized, and means causing the fuel mixture to ignite before the small piston reaches the end of its upward stroke whereby the burning mixture is forced out of the small cylinder through the communication into the large cylinder on the power stroke of the large piston. Y

2. An internal combustion engine having a small cylinder, a large cylinder, a valve controlled air inlet port for said large cylinder, reciprocating pistons in said cylinders, a crankshaft, connecting rods connecting the said pistons to said common crankshaft, a small passageway connecting the two upper ends of the large and small cylinders, a venturi in said passageway, said connecting rods being arranged on the crankshaft in such a manner so as to cause the large piston to lead the small piston on the compression stroke whereby practically all of the space above the large piston will be consumed when the large piston is in its upper dead center position so as to force practically all of the air out of the large cylinder through the passageway into the small cylinder with a high velocity, and an injection nozzle positioned for injecting fuel into the air at the most restricted point of said venturi as the air is forced at high velocity from the large cylinder through the passageway and venturi into the small cylinder whereby the fuel is atomized.

3. An internal combustion engine having a small cylinder, a large cylinder, a valve controlled air inlet port for said large cylinder, reciprocating pistons in said cylinders, a crankshaft, connecting rods connecting the said pis-' tons to said common crankshaft, a small passageway connecting the two upper ends of the large and small cylinders, a venturi in said passageway, said connecting rods being arranged on the crankshaft in such a manner so as to cause the large piston to lead the small piston on the compression stroke whereby practically all of the space above the large piston will be consumed when the large piston is in its upper dead center position so as to force practically all of the air out of the large cylinder through the passageway into the small cylinder with a high velocity, and an injection nozzle having its outlet positioned in the venturi for directing the charge of fuel into the small cylinder toward the small piston as the air is forced at high velocity from the large cylinder through the passageway and venturi into the small cylinder whereby the fuel is atomized.

4. An internal combustion engine having a small cylinder, a large cylinder, a valve controlled air inlet port for said large cylinder, reciprocating pistons in said cylinders, a common crankshaft, connecting rods connecting the said pistons to said common crankshaft, a small passageway connecting the upper ends of the large and small cylinders, a venturi in said passageway in the top wall of said cylinder, said connecting rods being arranged on the crankshaft in such a manner as to cause the said pistons to reciprocate in unison with the large piston having a slight lead on the small piston on the compression stroke whereby practically all of the space above the large piston in the large cylinder will be consumed when the large piston is in its upper dead center position so as to force practically all of the air taken in on the intake or down stroke of the cylinders out of the large cylinder through the eway into the small cylinder with a high velocity, an injection nozzle having its outlet positioned in the most restricted area of the venturi for directing the charge of fuel vertically downward into the small cylinder toward the small piston as the air is forced at high velocity from the large cylinder through the passageway and venturi into the small cylinder whereby the fuel is atomized, and means for igniting the fuel and air charge after the same has been injected into the said pocket.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a piston and an air intake port, an ignition pocket having a venturi as a restriction between the pocket and main cylinder, an injection nozzle located in said venturi so that the nozzle discharges into the pocket, means for lgniting the fuel mixture in said pocket, said pocket being in the form of a cylinder and having a piston reciprocating therein so as to transfer the explosive pressures in said pocket into tuming power of the crankshaft.

6. In an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft, a large cylinder, a small cylinder, pistons reciprocating therein, air intake means for charging the cylinders, a constant communication connecting said cylinders together at their heads, a fuel injection nozzle located in said communication, connecting rods connecting said pistons to a crankthrow in such a manner to cause the large piston to lead the small piston so that on the compression stroke of said pistons practically all of the air in the large cylinder is forced through the communication into the small cylinder before the small piston has reached the end of its upward stroke, said fuel injection nozzle injecting fuel into said communication while the air is being forced from the large cylinder to the small cylinder, ignition means to cause combustion to start in small cylinder before the small piston has reached the end of its upward stroke, so that the burning mixtures will be forced out of the small cylinder through the communication and into the large cylinder on the power stroke of the large piston.

7. In an internal combustion engine of the sudden explosion type having a crankshaft, a power cylinder, an ignition pocket in theform of a cylinder, pistons reciprocating in said cylinders, the piston in the power cylinder leading the piston in the ignition pocket cylinder so that on the compression stroke of said pistons practically all of the air in the power cylinder is forced through the passageway into the ignition pocket cylinder before the piston in the ignition pocket has reached the end of its upward stroke, air intake means for charging the cylinders, a passageway continuously connecting said cylinders together above the pistons, a source of fuel connected into said passageway for supplying fuel into said passageway while the air is being 7 forced from the power cylinder through the passageway' into the ignition pocket, ignition means for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the ignition pocket after the air has been transferred from the power cylinder into the ignition pocket and before the piston in the ignition pocket has reached the end of its upward stroke whereby the piston in the ignition pocket forces the bum- .ing gases out of the pocket through said pas- 8. In an internal combustion engine including inder, a large and a small piston reciprocating in said respective cylinders, air intake means for the large cylinder during the latter portion of the up stroke of the small cylinder and on the power stroke of the large cylinder.

9. In an internal combustion engine including a crankshaft having a crankthrow which rotates in a circular path, a large cylinder, a small cylinder, a large and a small piston reciprocating in said respective cylinders, said small piston having a longer stroke than said large piston, air intake means for charging the cylinders, a constant communication connecting said cylinders together at their heads, fuel injection means 10- I cated in said communication, a connecting rod charging the cylinders, a constant communication connecting said cylinders together at their heads, fuel injection means located in said communication, a connecting rod connected at one end tothelarge piston and having a bearing portion at the other and connected to said crankthrow, a second connecting rod connected at its upper end to the small piston and at its lower end to said bearing portion of the first mentioned connecting rod whereby the lower end of said connecting rod travels in an elliptical path, the

said connecting rods being arranged in such a I the large cylinder into the small cylinder, ig--v nition means to cause combustion to start in said small cylinder before the small cylinder has reached the end of its upward stroke whereby the burning mixture will be forced out oi the small cylinder through the communication and into stroke of'the large cylinder.

connected at one end to the large piston and having a bearing portion at the other end connected to said crankthrow, ,a second connecting rod connected at its upper end to the small piston and at its lower end to said bearing portion of the first mentioned connecting rod whereby the first mentioned connecting rod rocks upon the crankthrow thereby causing the lower end of the second connecting rod to travel in an elliptical path with a longer stroke than the first mentioned connecting rod, the said connecting rods being arranged Iinsuch a manner to cause v the large piston totlead ,the small piston so that cylinder before the small piston has reached the end of its upward stroke, said fuel injection means injecting fuel into said communication while the air is being forced from the large cylinder into the small cylinder, ignition means to cause combustion to'start in said small cylinder before the small cylinder has reached the end of its upward stroke whereby the burning mixture will be forced out of the small, cylinder through the'communication and into the large cylinder during the latter portion of the up stroke of the small cylinder and on the power MARION MALLORY. 

